行业新闻

原文：
Though only 9 years old, Samantha Stevens is already convinced that the insulin pump she uses has changed her life, ''and I love it.'' As Samantha, a patient at the Joslin Center for Diabetes at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York, explained in an essay, ''Before I had the pump, I couldn't go on sleepovers unless my mom came over to measure out my insulin! When I was on shots, I had to eat every meal and snack even if I wasn't hungry! With my pump, if I'm not hungry, I just don't eat until later. With the pump, I don't have a lot of lows or high blood sugar anymore, also I feel much better. The pump is one of the best things that happened to me after I got diabetes.'' Samantha is not alone in her praise of a device that can make the life of people with insulin-dependent diabetes more normal and flexible while at the same time helping keep their blood sugar on a more even keel. Nicole Johnson, the current Miss America, and Deana Herrera, Miss New York 1998, also use insulin pumps to control their diabetes, REDUCING VALVES although Miss Johnson said she temporarily disconnected hers during the contest's swimsuit competition. Melissa Kahn, a 28-year-old management consultant in Boston, was Samantha's age when she learned she had diabetes. Daily scheduled insulin shots served her well through childhood, she said, but ''as I grew up and life got more interesting and complicated, I needed more shots and I began to resent the regimentation they demanded.'' ''The shot I took at breakfast determined when and what I was to eat for lunch, whether I was hungry or not,'' Ms. Kahn said. ''Scheduled eating is not possible with my job. I often have to meet with clients at weird hours, and I can't be eating while giving a presentation. Now, with the pump, I can eat when I'm hungry.'' Instead of having to eat according to a strict schedule and include a certain amount of carbohydrates to match the insulin dose she takes in the morning, Ms. Kahn, by using the pump, can administer exactly the right amount of insulin whenever she decides to eat and whatever her choice of a meal. An Underused Device More than 50,000 people with insulin-dependent diabetes now use the pump, but Ms. Kahn said many more could be helped by it. Some are put off by common misconceptions. They think incorrectly that the pump is implanted and requires surgery and that it is used only as a last resort, when a person's diabetes cannot be controlled any other way. In addition, many, perhaps most, doctors either don't know about the pump or don't understand how it works. An insulin pump is appropriate only for people willing and able to be responsible about controlling their diabetes. Although it is the most accurate, precise and flexible insulin delivery system available, it is not automatic. The patient determines when and how much insulin the pump delivers based on careful monitoring of blood glucose, MULTI-FUNCTIONAL WATER PUMP CONTROL VALVEthe amount and kinds of foods eaten, the intensity and duration of exercise and the presence of illness or emotional stress. Used properly, however, the pump permits excellent control of blood glucose while allowing users to live normal lives, free of the strict scheduling demands required by conventional insulin shots. The pump itself is about the size and shape of a pager and is worn outside the body, either concealed under clothing or hooked to a belt or waistband. Clear plastic tubing carries insulin from the pump to the body, where it enters through a soft infusion unit usually placed on the abdomen. Once every few days, the infusion set is changed, and only then is a needle used to put the unit in place. The result resembles a large Band-Aid from which a piece of tubing emerges. ''I was concerned at first about being attached to something 24 hours a day, but it turned out to be not a big deal,'' Ms. Kahn said. ''The hardest things to cope with are bathing suits, fancy dresses and pajamas, but I have managed to find interesting places to hide the pump. And I can put it in a waterproof case or disconnect it temporarily when I shower or go swimming.'' At mealtimes or when a snack is eaten, the patient instructs the pump to administer an appropriate amount of insulin to process whatever foods might be consumed. The patient also programs the pump to automatically deliver insulin every hour to suit individual baseline needs. Thus, between meals, the pump behaves more like a normal pancreas, which releases small amounts of insulin more or less continuously to process sugars formed during metabolic processes. And this baseline amount can be adjusted to deliver different amounts at different times of the day. For example, Ms. Kahn explained that with ordinary insulin shots, she would wake up each morning with a blood glucose level that was too high. To prevent this she would have to get up at 3 A.M. to inject more insulin. Now she can program the pump to deliver slightly more insulin between 3 A.M. and 6 A.M. and wake up with a normal blood sugar. Also, when she wants to exercise, she can reduce the amount of insulin the pump automatically delivers and during intense activity, which rapidly uses blood glucose, she can suspend insulin delivery temporarily. Control Is Important Wide swings in blood glucose are dangerous. Extreme lows can result in a loss of consciousness, and extreme highs can cause a diabetic coma. Either can be fatal. In addition, over the years, repeated high glucose levels can cause serious damage to vital organs, blood vessels, nerves and eyes. Six years ago, a major study sponsored by the National Institutes of Health demonstrated that careful, consistent control of blood sugar in people with insulin-dependent diabetes could delay the onset and slow the progression of damage to the retina, kidneys and nerves. In patients who tightly controlled their blood glucose (42 percent of whom did so using an insulin pump), the risk of eye disease was reduced by 76 percent, kidney disease by 56 percent and nerve disease by 60 percent, with such complications delayed by an estimated 15 years. Years ago, blood glucose monitoring was done indirectly by testing how much sugar spilled into the urine. Now it can be quickly, directly and reliably measured with a glucose monitor, a small, very portable gadget that gives a digital read-out based on the glucose level in a drop of blood from a finger stick. This enables someone with diabetes to determine whether there is enough, or too much, insulin on board. The person can then make the appropriate adjustments by injecting more insulin or eating something to take up the excess and bring blood glucose back to normal levels. Using the pump, insulin adjustments can be made simply by pressing a button. Children can be taught to use the pump properly. The Joslin Center BALANCING VALVES reports that increasing numbers of children and adolescents with diabetes are switching from traditional injections to insulin pump therapy, and studies have shown that these pump users have better glucose control, fewer unscheduled doctor visits and fewer emergency hospital admissions. Furthermore, children wearing a pump can exercise at any time and eat and sleep whenever they want, all the while achieving excellent control of blood glucose. There is no age limit on who can use a pump. But for young children, parents must assume the responsibility for properly programming the machine's insulin delivery. An insulin pump is considered especially appropriate for patients who experience wide swings in blood glucose, women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, those who exercise consistently or travel often and those who have erratic work schedules. Photos: Melissa Kahn, a management consultant, said the insulin pump permits a flexibility in her eating schedule that was not possible with the insulin shots she grew up with. (Photographs by Rick Friedman)
原文来自： http://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/10/health/personal-health-small-convenient-and-flexible-insulin-pumps-catch-on.html?pagewanted=all

PERSONAL HEALTH; Small, Convenient and Flexible, Insulin Pumps Catch On 是由上海依耐泵阀有限公司提供的阀门新闻，中文译文仅供参考(上海依耐泵阀有限公司还生产柱塞阀鸭嘴阀水力控制阀过滤器低温阀门及高压焊接球阀，200X 型减压阀，涡轮传动通风蝶阀，气动对夹式硬密封蝶阀，衬氟旋塞阀，欢迎您的选购。)
以下是参考译文：

译文：
虽然只有9岁，萨曼莎史蒂文斯已经确信，她使用胰岛素泵改变了她的生活，''，我喜欢这样。'' 由于萨曼莎，一个在乔斯林糖尿病中心的圣路加罗斯福医院中心，纽约病人，在一篇文章中解释说，''我还没有泵，我不能继续过夜，除非我的妈妈走过来衡量出我的胰岛素！当我投篮的时候，我已经吃的每一餐和小吃，即使我不饿！在我的泵，如果我不饿，我不要吃后来才。随着泵，我没有一个低点或高血糖很多了，而且我感觉好多了。该泵是最好的事情发生在我身上了糖尿病后，我一个。'' 萨曼莎是在她的装置，可以使胰岛素人民的生活依赖型糖尿病更为正常和弹性，而不是单单赞扬同时也是在帮助一个更加平稳保持血糖的时间。妮可约翰逊，目前的美国小姐和德亚娜埃雷拉，1998年纽约小姐，还使用胰岛素泵来控制他们的糖尿病，虽然吴约翰逊说，她暂时中断，在比赛的泳装比赛她。梅利莎卡恩，一28岁老人在波士顿管理顾问，是萨曼莎的年龄当她得知她患有糖尿病。胰岛素注射每日航班服务以及通过她的童年，她说，但我长大了，生活更有趣和复杂的，我需要更多的投篮，我开始不满，他们要求团队组''。'' ''这个镜头我去年在早餐时决心，以及我吃午饭，我是否饿了或不''卡恩女士说。 ''排定吃是不可能的我的工作。我经常直接面对客户的怪异时，我不能吃饭，但给予介绍。现在，泵，我可以吃的时候我饿了。'' 而不必吃根据严格的时间表，包括一定数量的碳水化合物，以配合胰岛素的剂量，她在早上需要，卡恩女士，使用泵，完全可以管理适量的胰岛素时，她决定吃和她选择的任何一餐。把未充分利用装置超过5万人胰岛素依赖型糖尿病现在使用泵，但卡恩女士说，许多更可以通过它帮助。有的推迟了误解。他们认为正确的泵植入手术，并要求这只是作为最后手段，当一个人的糖尿病是无法控制的任何其他方式使用。此外，许多，也许是大多数医生或者不知道该泵或不明白它是如何工作。胰岛素泵是只适合人愿意和能够被控制他们的糖尿病有关负责。虽然这是最准确，准确，灵活的胰岛素给药系统中可用，它不是自动的。病人确定何时以及有多少胰岛素泵兑现血糖，数量和吃的食物，认真监测的基础上，强度和持续时间和运动的疾病或情绪压力的存在。使用得当，但是，泵允许优秀的血糖控制，同时使用户能够正常生活，严格调度的常规胰岛素注射上需要自由。该泵本身的大小和形状的一部传呼机，并在体外穿，要么藏在衣服或钩的皮带或腰带。带有透明塑料管从泵身体，在那里通过软输液通常是在腹部放置单位进入胰岛素。每隔几天，输液器的改变，只有到那时，用于设立单位一针。结果类似于一个大的创可贴，它的一个管件的出现。 ''我担心开始时对被连接到的东西，每天24小时，但结果却是没有什么大不了，''卡恩女士说。 ''最难的事，以应付的泳衣，花式礼服，睡衣，但我设法找到有趣的地方隐藏泵。我可以放在一个防水的个案，还是断开它暂时当我淋浴或游泳去。'' 在吃饭或当零食吃的，病人指示泵管理一个适量的胰岛素来处理任何食物可以食用。病人还计划泵自动提供胰岛素每隔一小时，以配合个别基线需求。因此，在两餐之间，泵的行为更像一个正常胰腺组织，从而释放少量的胰岛素或多或少不断在新陈代谢的过程中形成的过程中糖。这个基线量可以调整，以实现在一天的不同时间不同的数额。举例来说，卡恩女士解释说，与普通的胰岛素注射，她每天早晨的血糖水平过高之后。为了避免这种情况，她将获得3时注入更多的胰岛素。现在，她可以编程泵提供3至上午略微更多的胰岛素上午6时并唤醒了正常的血糖。此外，当她要工作，她可以减少胰岛素泵自动量提供了紧张的活动期间，它迅速地利用血糖，她可以暂时中止胰岛素给药。控制是重要的在血糖大幅波动的危险。极端低点可能导致意识丧失，极端高点可能导致糖尿病昏迷。要么可能是致命的。此外，多年来，反复高血糖会导致严重的损害重要器官，血管，神经和眼睛。六年前，一项重要研究由美国国立卫生研究院资助的证明，认真与胰岛素，血糖控制在人们一贯依赖型糖尿病的发病可能拖延和缓慢的损害视网膜，肾脏和神经进展。谁在严格控制的病人的血糖（百分之四十二人这样做使用胰岛素泵）的眼部疾病的风险降低了百分之七十六，肾脏疾病，百分之五十六和神经疾病的百分之六十由延迟等并发症，估计15年。几年前，血糖监测是进行间接测试多少糖进入尿液溢出。现在，它可以快速，直接，可靠的葡萄糖监测仪，一个小，很便携式小工具，给出了数字读出关于血从手指血糖水平下降的棍子测量。这使糖尿病人，以确定是否有足够的，还是太多了，船上的胰岛素。该人就可以使更多的胰岛素注射，或吃东西占用过多，使血糖恢复正常水平适当调整。使用泵，胰岛素可调节只需按一个按钮。孩子可以教泵的正确使用。在乔斯林中心报告说，儿童和青少年糖尿病患者越来越多的转换，从传统的胰岛素注射泵治疗，而且有研究表明，这些泵的使用者有更好的血糖控制，减少计划外的医生访问和更少的紧急入院。此外，儿童穿的泵可运用在任何时候，吃饭和睡觉时，他们希望，所有的同时实现良好的血糖控制。没有谁可以用泵的年龄限制。但对于年轻的子女，父母必须承担适当的编程机器的胰岛素给药责任。胰岛素泵被认为是谁的病人血糖经验适当的大幅波动，谁的妇女怀孕或计划怀孕，那些坚持谁行使或经常出差的人谁也不稳定的工作日程。照片：梅利莎卡恩，管理顾问表示，胰岛素泵允许在她的饮食安排，这不是与注射胰岛素一同长大的灵活性。（照片由里克弗里德曼）